Dharma

Dharma is a core concept in Indian philosophy, translating to cosmic order, moral duty, righteousness, and natural law. Derived from the Sanskrit root dhr, meaning "to sustain," it refers to the essential, inseparable nature of an object or being—just as heat is the dharma of fire, and wetness is the dharma of water. For human society, dharma is divided into varnasrama-dharma, which governs temporary social and vocational duties based on physical nature, and sanatana-dharma, the eternal, unchanging occupation of the soul. Vaishnava theology teaches that the ultimate dharma of the living entity is to offer loving service to the Supreme Lord. In the Bhagavad-gita, Lord Krishna explains various levels of duty but ultimately instructs Arjuna to abandon all temporary dharmas and surrender to Him alone. This surrender represents the highest spiritual duty, known as bhagavata-dharma. By executing this eternal duty, the soul transcends the laws of karma and material illusion, finding ultimate peace and reconnecting with its original home in the spiritual realm.

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