Tattva

Tattva (Sanskrit: तत्त्व, literally "that-ness" or "the truth of something") is a fundamental philosophical term in the traditions of India designating essential reality, ultimate truth, or the intrinsic nature of an entity. In the Sankhya system, the tattvas are the twenty-four constitutive principles of material reality (Prakriti), from the mahat-tattva to the five gross elements. In Vaishnava theology, the concept expands to encompass the supreme ontological categories: Bhagavan-tattva (the nature of God), jiva-tattva (the nature of the soul), maya-tattva (the nature of the illusory energy), shakti-tattva (the divine potencies), and shiva-tattva (the position of Shiva). Understanding these tattvas is essential for establishing sambandha (the correct relationship with God). Jiva Goswami, in his Sat-sandarbhas, exhaustively analyzes each ontological category to demonstrate that Krishna is the supreme tattva, the source of all other tattvas. In bhakti-yoga practice, knowledge of the tattvas is not an end in itself, but a means to strengthen the practitioner's faith and understanding, orienting devotion with philosophical clarity and protecting the sadhana from conceptual deviations.

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Mahā-mantra Dās

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